Latest seeds; recap on Trillium germination

First, in the idea that a picture is worth a thousand words: Trillium grandiflorum leftover seeds from 2021, germinating after following a warm (summer-fall 2021)- cold (winter 2021-2022) – warm (spring-summer 2022) cycles regime. 
They took me by surprise, usually the rootlets start to grow somewhere in September.

Trillium grandiflorum germinated seeds from 2021 harvest; they need one more cold cycle (winter 2022) for the leaves to appear

As I mentioned before, from any batch of Trillium grandiflorum seeds, part of them always germinate (root) in the first fall and the remaining seeds will germinate in the second fall. So, those who purchased T. grandiflorum  seeds last year may have in their pots a combination of seedlings with the first leaves plus only germinated seeds (root only, like in the picture). It is also possible to have only germinated seeds (like seen in the picture).

Other Trillium species follow the same pattern (complete germination in 2 years), others germinate entirely in the first season, and others only germinate in the second year (e.g., Trillium erectum usually only germinates in the second year after sowing).


Latest seeds collected:
Caulophyllum thalictroides and Actaea pachypoda fo. rubrocarpa (wild)

Edraianthus graminifolius, Roscoea schneideriana and Roscoea tibetica  (garden)
Clematis occidentalis and Clematis alpina (on-going) – these are early spring flowering species.

Edraianthus graminifolius, Aurinia

Clematis occidentalis

Clematis alpina

Roscoea tibetica

The Seeds Shop will be open for orders starting August 29th. There will be another announcement with few a important details on Sunday (Aug. 28th) before the re-opening.

The Seeds List has been updated as much as possible. Plus, there is a tab with various announcements at the top. It is always a work in progress: some species get sold out fast and for others the seeds are ready only later in the fall.

The first species that require attention/sowing right away are the following:
ALL Moist Packed seeds, Paeonia, Helleborus, Lilium species, Actaea, Aralia, Hydrophyllum.

Besides using the Seed List, on the main page click on the SEEDS SHOP tab on top-right for a direct access to various categories.

There is hope for more seeds collecting to be done this week. Until next…

Fine grasses for shade & companions

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Not so long ago, when collecting seeds of Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula, I noticed that on a few clumps of Carex rosea (the Rosy sedge or Curly sedge) the seeds were ready. I intended to collect seeds of it a while ago but it was never the right time. Many times you need to get down to the ground to observe the ‘finer’ things.

I love the wonderful ‘grass-like’ fine carpets the curly sedge forms in many deciduous woods. It can grow in a wide range of situations from dry to moist substrates. The ‘curly’ alludes to the fact the stigmas of the flowers are curled (good eyesight or magnifying lens required). *There are few other species included in Carex rosea group.

Carex rosea, summer

Carex rosea seeds

It was a hot day and I enjoyed the shade for a while observing the other species growing nearby & among the Rosy sedge clumps. Besides the Violas there were a couple of Uvularia grandiflora seedlings and Trillium grandiflorum, Maianthemum canadense, a woodland Galium and a Smilax youngster to the right, plus Hepatica americana. What a perfect grouping for a garden woodland micro-habitat!

Not as often cultivated as they should be, the woodland sedges and other relatives (like the woodrushes, Luzula) are among the first ‘green’ messengers present on the woodland floors after the spring snowmelt and also the last one before the snow starts falling in the winter. They can serve the same function in our gardens, complementing the few evergreens and perennials that keep their leaves green throughout the winter (Hepatica, Gaultheria, Mitchella, Helleborus, Polystichum and other ferns).

Carex rosea, Trillium, Uvularia…

Hepatica americana and Carex rosea

Carex rosea group, December

Carex pennsylvanica, early spring

Spring woodland floor

Luzula acuminata

Carex eburnea

Carex plantaginea

Carex on woodland trail, late fall

 There are many other sedges that can be grown in the shaded garden. To mention only the superfine Carex eburnea (Bristle leaf sedge), the Plantain leaf sedge (Carex plantaginea) and another favourite of mine: Carex pensylvanica, Pennsylvania sedge.
We just need more seeds & more nurseries to grow them.  Some species can be purchased on occasion; when it happens do not miss the chance. In any case, they are in the ‘very easy to grow from seeds’ category.

Melica uniflora

This fall you will also find on the Seeds List another favorite grass of mine for shade/to part shade locations: Melica uniflora (syn. M. nutans), the Woodland Melic grass.
I had to grow it from seeds, since I’ve never seen it offered around here: easy to grow and clumps up fast in a part-shade, well drained location. The fine textured foliage comes with the added bonus of the gracious spikelets fluttering in the early summer breeze.

The third fine grass for shade, already offered last year: Patis racemosa (Blackseed rice grass) also deserves a mention. I still have to grow this one for the garden especially that the wild population is quite small and just few seeds can be collected. We don’t have many ‘bamboo-looking’ native grasses.

All these species are forming rhizomes, but are not the aggressive type; just enough so we can split them once in a while and replant the divisions or share them with the lucky friends.

 

The cure for insanity

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Before the announcement for the Shop re-opening, I have good reason to ‘recycle’ and update a post about the lovely Cornus canadensis  (bunchberry, dwarf cornel) from a few years ago.
Reason is that fruits have just been collected and, together with few other species, they await the seeds extraction.
So, keep in mind that a new group of species will be posted in the inventory later next week. Among them: Aralia hispida, Lobelia spicata, Drosera intermedia and few others.
By a good chance, seeds of another species that wasn’t offered in quite a few years: Coptis trifolia, the goldthread were also collected.

Usually the name Cornus makes us think of trees and shrubs. But the bunchberry is a lovely perennial dogwood, which grows only to 15-20 cm tall, with leaves arranged in whorls of 4 or 6. The flowers, typical for a Cornus, are easy recognizable after the 4 large, white petal-like bracts. The fruit is an attractive, red, globe-shaped drupe, persistent, and also edible; especially birds are very fond on consuming the fruits during the fall migration.

Cornus canadensis flowers

Good as a groundcover in shaded, moist locations, underneath small trees or shrubs; lovely to grow underneath Rhododendrons for example. I have also seen it growing on old tree stumps on top of moss, which would be great to try to ‘reproduce’ if possible (Coptis trifolia and Medeola virginiana can be grown the same way). It also needs a slightly acidic substrate and a cool location.  Usually it can be found in the company of Linnaea borealis, Trientalis borealis, Coptis trifolia, Maianthemum canadense and few others.

Cornus canadensis

 Propagation from seeds is slow and the best protocol I found suggests: a period of warm/moist stratification for 45 days; followed by cold-moist stratification for 140 days (ie. 4-5 months or two winters). I think we can try to replace 1 winter by doing the following:
warm/moist stratification 1 month + GA3 treatment + cold/moist stratification (2-3 months = 1 winter).

 Among its uses by the Indigenous People I found the mention of fruits consumption as a cure for insanity ;) I will chew some while extracting the seeds; who knows, I might get cured of the insanity of trying to maintain this seeds business during a time of increasing world-wide practices of restricting gardeners access to seeds, or better said, rules favoring the large, multinational companies in detriment of small scale operations. Sounds familiar?

Until tomorrow…

 

*I cannot miss the chance to post this link where the unique pollination mechanism found in Cornus canadensis is described:

THE EXPLOSIVE POLLINATION MECHANISM IN CORNUS CANADENSIS L. : https://www.ou.edu/cas/botany-micro/ben/ben194.html

 

 

Candies – for the eyes and soul

The few peonies from my garden have opened their fruits. Given the capricious spring and following drought it is no surprise the harvest is small from a few species like Paeonia japonica. They start to flower a bit too early in our climate.

On the other hand, Paeonia officinalis, which flowered later in the spring during a nice weather window, has exceeded the expectations. Therefore, you can acquire Paeonia officinalis seeds at a lower price this season :) However, we have to admit that Paeonia mascula fruits are more beautiful because of the red appendages (unfertilized ovules).

Paeonia officinalis seeds

Paeonia mascula seeds

Peonies are wonderful garden plants, long lived, tough and reliable. Put them on your wish list, if interested; they are best sowed in late summer. 

Moist packed ‘candies’ recently collected: Uvularia grandiflora (almost missed them this year) and to my surprise the Mayapple, Podophyllum peltatum, also produced some fruits (usually in very dry years they get aborted early on). Maybe Medeola seeds will also be ready by the end of the month; otherwise the next batch of species that require moist packing are usually collected only in September (Maianthemum species).
In the garden, only Trillium flexipes has set and developed fruits; all other Trillium have been displeased with the drought.

Uvularia grandiflora seeds

Trillium flexipes seeds

The Seeds List is starting to take shape, although there will be more changes coming September and October. The date for the Shop re-opening: tentatively August 28th, with an emphasis on Paeonia, Lilium and the Moist packed seeds category, plus other species that require summer sowing.

 

Zigadenus companions

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For those in need of ideas for companion plants, I will show a few other native species growing together with Zigadenus elegans ssp. glaucus in my garden bed. You can attempt to grow them from seeds or source the plants from a specialized plant nursery.

Garden bed containing various native species that enjoy relatively moist situations – view from last year. Due to the drought, some species (especially L. cardinalis seem affected) are not flowering so abundant this year

The garden bed has a natural grading which allows the water to sit at the edging area when it rains. The substrate at depth is clay and in years with normal rainfalls, it remains a rather moist area with little additional watering; sun to part-shade.
Most of the following species will actually adapt to various moisture levels; some will remain shorter in height and flower less if it gets too dry, like it has happened this year, but they will get by.

Eupatorium perfoliatum (Boneset) with its white, fragrant inflorescences of small white flowers is attracting various pollinators,

Great Golden Digger Wasp on Eupatorium perfoliatum

especially solitary wasps that otherwise are not usually seen in the garden.
Lobelia siphilitica (Great blue Lobelia) and *Lobelia cardinalis.

*Geum rivale (Nodding avens), Iris versicolor and Iris hookeri
*Clinopodium arkansanum (Limestone calamint) is also crawling somewhere toward the edge; you know it is here every time a wonderful minty whiff comes into air. Although an alvars dweller, Clinopodium adapts very well to garden cultivation.

*Viola nephrophylla grows with abandon at the edge (self -sown seedlings appear all the time) and there are even few skunk cabbage seedlings! in need of rescuing this coming fall.
And I almost forgot to mention: *Houstonia caerulea, *Primula mistassinica and *Sisyrinchium mucronatum. Plus, *Parnassia glauca (Marsh grass-of-Parnassus) which makes for an excellent late summer bloomer.

Erythranthe guttata and Iris versicolor

One year *Erythranthe guttata, the Monkey flower, bloomed wonderfully at the edge, but it didn’t manage to reseed successfully (on the account on work done to enlarge the bed).
Talking grasses: *Carex grayi and Deschampsia caespitosa.

* – It means the plant was grown from seeds; more pictures and descriptions for each on the shop pages (seeds are not available for all species every year). We must be patient, some of these species mature their seeds in late September/October.

You can create micro-habitats in your garden by using the existent conditions and planting species which naturally grow in a similar habitat. I like this simplified definition of a habitat:
“A habitat is a place where an organism makes its home”.

Maybe you have a similar place, a woodland bed, or a sun baked area? There are species suitable for all situations – offer them a home!

Primula mistassinica

Geum rivale

Sisyrinchium mucronatum, June

Berries, capsules and Zigadenus

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Various berries and capsules have been collected lately: Podophyllum hexandrum (light pink flower), Clintonia borealis, Hydrastis canadensis; Aristolochia (iberica and also steupii!), Roscoea scillifolia fo. atropurpurea, Trientalis borealis and Trillium grandiflorum (few, smaller fruits due to the drought).

I mostly wanted to write about Zigadenus elegans ssp. glaucus (Mountain death camas), a beautiful NA native species (poisonous as well) that is flowering right now in the garden. Grown from seeds of course, where would I found to buy plants of Zigadenus? There may be few specialized nurseries offering it around the country, but certainly not nearby.

This is a species with a wide distribution in Canada and the US, with two subspecies that were initially recognized, which were then lumped together. The main differences are that Western populations have smaller plants and shorter inflorescences, while

Zigadenus elegans ssp. glaucus, young plant in cultivation

Eastern populations (ssp. glaucus) have taller plants with paniculate inflorescence and glaucous leaves and stems.

For many years I didn’t think about it, being familiar only with the plants growing in Bruce Peninsula, ON. A tall, slender plant with a few basal, bluish, grassy leaves and tall stems with large inflorescences (branched panicles) of peculiar white flowers with a thick greenish- yellow heart shaped glands. The flowers can take a reddish hue after pollination, and later capsules develop.
It likes a moist place, and the ‘wetter’ it is, the taller it gets. On not so wet soils, it just remains smaller in stature. In the picture to the right – a young plant, 4-5 years old. Older plants can reach 80+ cm in height and form much broader inflorescences.

After I got the chance one year to see specimens of Western populations in the mountains of SE BC, I understood why the common name is Mountain death camas, and also why some botanists have considered the two subspecies.
Both are beautiful in their own way, but different and I think a distinction should be made about the origins of plants and seeds.
Here’s a picture with a Zigadenus elegans specimen growing in a mountain rocky meadow in SE BC; it is not difficult to observe the differences.

Zigadenus elegans BC

In my garden, Zigadenus grows together with a few other native species, of the same ‘moist inclination’ (you can spot Lobelia siphilitica close by). About its companions we’ll talk later, after all the berries are cleaned and the seeds that need moist packing are placed in ‘safe’ storage.

 

July flowers and seeds report

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As we enter the second part of July, the drought is still here, give or take a few ‘rain drops’. But life goes on, plants are flowering and fruits/seeds mature day by day.

A few species have been flowering since the beginning of the month and I want to particularly mention, the tall and gorgeously floriferous Delphinium fissum and its white counterpart Delphinium albiflorum. Not only they have a long flowering period, they are also great food sources for a variety of pollinators, especially the bumble bees are very fond on them (make a note for the fall seeds wish list ;)
Both species are rhizomatous Delphiniums and won’t flower too fast from seeds but they get better and better as the time goes by.

Delphinium fissum

Delphinium fissum flowers close-up

Delphinium albiflorum (4)

Delphinium albiflorum, July 2022

Angelica capitellata, a tall NA western native, also deserves a note because I think it makes for a great garden plant. Mainly absent from cultivation, I had the chance to obtain and offer seeds a few years ago, so here it is, first time to flower! It was very exciting to see the first ‘buttons’ showing up. Due to the tight round balls of white flowers has received common names like: Ranger’s button, Button parsley or Woolyhead parsnip. It grows well in average garden soil in full sun to part-shade. Hopefully a few more other people managed to grow it as well.

Angelica capitellata, Ranger’s button

Angelica capitellata 2022

Angelica capitellata, Ranger’s button

Aconitum kirinense

Other species from the  tall & beautiful category in July are Aconitum kirinense and Acanthus hungaricus. As I was placing the pictures in the gallery I realized these ‘tall & beautiful’ share another commonality: they were all grown from seeds!
Of course many other species are flowering or just beginning to flower: Scabiosa, Sidalcea, various Gallardia and Echinacea are providing a lot of colors at this time. I am just trying to point at species that are not usually found in the trade.  We’ll talk about few others next time.

Fruits & Seeds wise, it is a bit quiet now but Hydrastis canadensis fruits are getting ‘red & ready’ one by one, Hydrophyllum virginianum seeds are gradually maturing, as well as Primula japonica and Primula frondosa capsules. The first peony capsule of P. anomala var. veitchii just opened yesterday; more to follow shortly…

Drought, seeds & keeping sowings moist

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The Seeds shop is closed now for website maintenance, seeds inventory and most important seeds collections. Re-opening in late August, I hope. But no worry, you will be kept up to date on flowering, fruiting & seeds happenings.

The first fleshy fruits are here! Yes, Actaea rubra (wild) and Triosteum pinnatifidum (garden) were just collected. From the dry side: Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula and Viola labradorica (wild), Erinus alpinus and Aconitum moldavicum (garden), to mention just a few. Quite a few other species are under a ‘seeds-ready’ watch at this time.

Actaea rubra

Triosteum pinnatifidum

Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula

Prolonged drought effects seen in SW Ontario

Sadly, the effect of drought is seen everywhere in SW Ontario; in some locations the mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum), Trillium grandiflorum and few other species going into an early dormancy and it is uncertain if there will be any seeds.
In the garden we can compensate somewhat by carefully watering especially the moisture loving species but even so, the seeds set is lower than in ‘normal’ years.

The hot/dry weather will continue throughout the summer and I would like to emphasize again that it is very important to keep your early sowings moist; otherwise the warm/moist stratification cycle will not count as such.
Besides keeping the trays in a shaded place and checking the moisture constantly, there is another solution; a friend reminded me about this way of keeping the summer sowings and so I will pass it forward to all others.

Nothing complicated: just place the pots inside a plastic box with a lid (still to be kept in a well shaded or in a cool place!). Do not close the lid tightly and check the pots regularly. Mine are in a cool garage right now.

Enjoy the summer and don’t forget to collect some seeds along the way; it is always good to have a reserve of seeds, plus there are seed exchanges in the fall and trades with friends. 

 

Seeds announcement

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Various species recommended to be sown fresh like: Pulsatilla styriaca and its beautiful color variant, Helleborus caucasicus, Helleborus purpurascens, Helleborus x hybridus ‘Cherry Blossoms’, Jeffersonia dubia are in the inventory.

But, wait ‘a minute’! We are preparing a small ‘Canadense’ celebration with the very fresh seeds of Asarum canadense, Aquilegia and Stylophorum diphyllum. These fresh seeds cannot be packed in moist vermiculite right away and for this event will be sent, just like Hepatica seeds, in glassine envelopes.

The ‘Canadense’ celebration will take place from: Friday June 24th to July 2 (Sat.) with sale prices for:
Asarum canadense
Stylophorum diphyllum
Aquilegia canadensis – woodland and short form, plus the ‘Little Lanterns’
There is a very small harvest of Sanguinaria canadensis seeds this year, reason why this species will not be included in the sale.

Also, this year seeds are restocked and new species are being added to the SEEDS Shop as they become available so they can be easily combined in orders with species that require summer sowing.
Recently  seeds restocked/new added: Mitella diphylla, Thalictrum dioicum, Geum triflorum, Potentilla porphyrantha, Lewisia rediviva, Zigadenus fremontii… SEEDS LIST

The SEEDs Shop will be closed for orders starting July 3!
The re-opening will be announced.

Helleborus caucasicus

Helleborus purpurascens, April 2022

Helleborus ‘Cherry Blossom’

Pulsatilla styriaca

Pulsatilla ex. styriaca color form

Pulsatilla pratensis hybrid

Jeffersonia dubia

Sanguinaria canadensis

Asarum canadense

Getting ready for Hepatica acutiloba

Collecting and processing Hepatica acutiloba seeds is done!
Those interested can head to the SEED LIST to see what will be available and there are explanations for every offering on their page. As usual, there are more seeds when it was possible to collect from a larger population, and limited seeds when collected just from one plant. Either way, it is a lot of work involved, from trying to catch the seeds to selecting the good ones.

Hepatica acutiloba seeds after collecting

Hepatica acutiloba selected seeds

Wishing good success with the seeds for all  BotanyCa customers, I will repeat myself again:  Hepatica acutiloba seeds seem to germinate reliably in the first spring after sowing, and the seedlings are easier to manage & grow faster. Those of Hepatica americana may germinate entirely in the second year after sowing, and seedlings grow much slower.

For this reason, I advise those who have never tried to grow Hepatica from seeds to start with H. acutiloba. In the picture below there is the right example of what I’m trying to say: to the left – seedlings from ‘Purple Star’ and to the right – seedlings of H. americana, all 3 years old (some 4 years-old, considering 2 years for germination).
No matter what you choose, expect variation in seedlings (‘Purple Star’ seedlings came pretty good true to name). They would all enchant you with their flowers in a few years coming spring!

Recommended reading: Hepatica acutiloba 2020 and a checklist, Notes on Hepatica acutiloba, Growing Hepatica from seeds.

Hepatica acutiloba fo. rosea2

Hepatica acutiloba blue flowers

Hepatica acutiloba – white

Hepatica acutiloba ‘Purple Star’

Hepatica acutiloba pastel mix(1)

Most Hepatica americana seeds are also collected; just waiting for a couple of forms and as well H. nobilis var. pyrenaica seeds that are still maturing. They will be announced by the end of the week.

Testing the reading again. The first person to ask, is to receive a gift of  seeds: 1 pck. of H. acutiloba pastel shades, 1 pck. of H. acutiloba ‘Purple Star’ and 1 pck. H. acutiloba white/fragrant! Gifted!
Please see the Contact and provide the name AND address. There is no method of sending seeds without an address, or at least none that I’m aware of :)

Getting ready for Corydalis and Hepatica

As mentioned, Corydalis seeds have been collected, also most of the Hepatica acutiloba seeds (as of today). By next week we should also know what Hepatica americana forms are available.

What we need to know:

Seeds packing for Corydalis and Hepatica, spring 2022

All species will be made available at once, as soon as all Hepatica seeds are collected. They will be available ONLY during the month of June!

This spring I will use another method for the sake of speed and workload efficiency. I have tested keeping the seeds for a short period (+/- 1 month) in glassine envelopes which are then placed inside a plastic bag, instead of using moist vermiculite. This is how the seeds will be shipped.
It works very well and it will allow for faster counting/inventory accuracy/orders preparation.
It also allows for easier handling & sowing, especially for customers who are not used with moist packed seeds.

On the Seed List page – there is a special section now just for these early species. You can see a bit in advance what will be available; click on the desired ones for fast accessing the shop pages.

 

BotanyCa spring seeds are shown on top of the late summer/fall listing

Orders for these seeds can be combined with other species, but keep the adds-on short please. I recommend adding other seeds to the orders only if necessary; Lilium species and Paeonia (or other species that need a warm stratification first).

Corydalis solida red

Corydalis solida ‘Wildheart mix’

Corydalis caucasica

Corydalis malkensis

Those interested may want to review again: Growing Corydalis solida & allies from seeds

And, let’s see who’s reading the post till the end. The seeds packets shown in the picture (plus a surprise!) will be gifted to the first person asking for them :) Use the Contact (provide full name and address).
Thank you to all following the blog!

Posts will follow for Hepatica acutiloba and Hepatica americana before the seeds will be placed in the inventory.

Trillium grandiflorum 2022

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While we bid adieu to Hepatica flowers, many other spring delights are awaiting for us in the forests and as well in our gardens.

One of the most important events for all woodlanders – the flowering of Trillium grandiflorum, is starting in SW Ontario! The cool, late spring makes it to coincide with Claytonia virginica flowering (spring beauty), which usually flowers earlier in the spring.

These are some of the most wonderful moments of our brief springtime, enjoy them while they last!

Trillium grandiflorum and Claytonia virginica

A last flower of Hepatica americana, notice the fruit heads

Trillium grandiflorum (2)

Trillium grandiflorum, Podophyllum peltatum, Waldsteinia

Trillium grandiflorum

Trillium grandiflorum

Uvularia grandiflora

Viola labradorica

Amelanchier laevis, Allegheny serviceberry

Carya ovata, Shagbark hickory

Thalictrum dioicum

Pileated woodpecker

Less is more

Less is more when it comes to writing during May: there are seedlings to be taken care of, planting beds to be rearranged and new ones to be built.

Today I will show THE easiest method to grow plants from seeds, i.e. plant them in the ground, in an appropriate location :)

Erythronium grandiflorum seedlings, 2022. The seeds were sown in early fall last year (2021). For sowing directly in the ground it is best to sow closely so you can keep an eye on the seedlings; replant them in other locations  if necessary after 3+ years.

And, the second easiest method: germinate/grow them in a pot for one season, then ‘plant’ the pot in the ground (it works great for species that need 3+ years to develop): 4 years old P. tenuifolia seedlings in the image waiting to be separated and replanted.

Paeonia tenuifolia young plants – notice the rim of the pot which was ‘planted’ in the ground in a sunny position, close to other perennials (still dormant). The plants will be separated and replanted.

Indeed, less can be more, sometimes….

A last look at few Corydalis, it’s been a wonderfully cool spring keeping them in flower longer together with a couple of their companions.

Corydalis caucasica

Jeffersonia dubia

Lathyrus vernus

Hepatica americana Easter Edition

In the woods and in the garden Hepatica are flowering. There is a whole page dedicated to them: Hepatica – queens of the woodlands, and there is nothing else new I have to say. Every spring my admiration for them grows more anew!

To those celebrating this weekend – Happy Easter, with love, peace and happiness to all!

Seedlings awards

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In a blink of an eye the spring will rush over us with its myriad of gardening tasks and enjoyments; Hepatica will also start blooming :-)  So, it is time for the 2022 indoor seedlings wrap up and awards presentation.

First prize in the following categories:

The unexpected: Androsace carnea
A whole tray with sowing pots was waiting in the garage in late December for the first snowfall before being taken outdoors. Luckily, I noticed the tiny green specks in the Androsace pot before doing so.

The cutest: Campanula alpina var. bucegiensis
I am partial toward this little bellflower from the Carpathian Mts.; maybe cuteness is also in the eye of the beholder.

The most repeated: Anthemis carpatica var. pyretriformis
I’ve tried growing this species at least four times. Easy to germinate and grow, hard to find a suitable location in the garden…I will persevere.

The most reliable: Aquilegia species
Aquilegia formosa, recently transplanted, receiving the prize for all other Aquilegia species sowed this year.

The desirable/2 years germination: Degenia velebitica
Degenia velebitica is an endemic species from Croatian mountains. The germination is problematic; please see the *note at the end of this post.

The desirable/fast germination: Phacelia sericea
After encountering the silky Phacelia flowering high in the Canadians Rockies, who wouldn’t want to grow it?

The heartbreaker: Iris dichotoma
I tried the Vesper Iris in various locations in the garden, and none were on its liking long term. Even so, it is worth the effort to grow it from seeds periodically.

Best in the annual category: Orlaya grandiflora
An easy win from only 2 annual species sowed; the white laceflower is a very handsome and pollinator friendly species.

Most aromatic: Ziziphora clinopodioides

Best growth in ‘new species’ class: Gypsophila patrinii

We thank you all for following the seeds & seedlings show here at BotanyCa and for your support. Looking forward to celebrate new seeds, good growing, the beauty of nature and of our gardens in the 2022 season!

*Note: Degenia velebitica ecology germination.
I sowed the seeds last year in late summer following the findings of the article that the seeds from wild plants germinate best at high temperatures (22-31C, ie. sowing in late summer/early fall).
It didn’t work out (there was 1 seedling) maybe because the provenience of the seeds was from a cultivated plant, already adapted to different environmental conditions (the epigenetic factor). In any case, even after cold/moist stratification the percentage of germination was very low, but happy to have even just a few seedlings.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/27189176_Germination_ecology_of_seeds_of_endemic_species_Degenia_velebitica_Degen_Hayek_Brassicaceae

HWT

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I am doing a last few sowings using the HWT (hot water treatment). As explained and shown in previous postings, the HWT applied for Fabaceae species (and not only), causes fine fissures in the seed coats and allows for water imbibition, eliminating the need for the cold/moist stratification period.

Those unfamiliar with this method can follow the links to read more about it and to see more pictures:
Continuing the sowing: in hot water; Updates to the HWT; FAQ – hot water treatment

I am trying two new Astragalus species: Astragalus detritalis, debris milkvetch, a Colorodo native, with bright purple flowers and

Astragalus detritalis seeds aspect after a second HWT; noticed the swollen seeds which need to be sown; then repeat the HWT again

Astragalus glycyphyllos, licorice milkvetch. You need to repeat the treatment 2-3+ times, especially for Astragalus species, but otherwise all is easy and some seeds may even start to germinate in the water.

And I’ll persevere, as long as I have seeds, with Oxytropis halleri. One plant flowered from my last attempt, but unfortunately vanished. It may be that our hot, humid summers are not to its liking, but it is worth trying it again. Oxytropis species are really hard to maintain in garden cultivation.

If you didn’t use the hot water method yet, give it a try. It is one of the easiest germination treatments to apply; for sure it beats sanding your fingers together with the seeds ;)

We cannot really generalize, but the majority species from Fabaceae family are easy germinators. The HWT is working well for: Astragalus, Baptisia, Hedysarum, Lupinus,

Oxytropis halleri

Oxytropis, Thermopsis. Considering how Lathyrus vernus self-sown seeds germinate in the garden, it would probably benefit as well. However, I didn’t manage to ‘break’ the Senna seeds with the HWT.
Species that would germinate at warm even without the HWT can also benefit from it to speed up the germination (Amphicarpaea).