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Campanula alpina and calcifuge friends

Alpine plants, Botanical travels, Mountains, Plant portraits
Campanula alpina

Part III of Bucegi Mountains

 And after a while, following the trail and botanizing and/or admiring the scenery you’ll make it to the Omu Peak and Omu Chalet. It is time to have a snack, and finding a place to sit down (outside) is easily done. Careful though – because you’ll be surrounded by Campanula alpina, Primula minima, and clumps of Gentina frigida with the occasional Soldanella pusilla among them!

Omu hut

Omu hut

 Campanula alpina (subsp. alpina, to be more precise) is a very small Campanula but with big flowers, which looks as if emerging straight from the ground. It forms 5-10 cm tall flowering stems with lots of hanging bells in various shades of blue, and we also found a white one. Some say it is not strictly calcifuge, but given its choice of plant-buddies, probably a lime free substrate would be best for its cultivation. Luckily we found a few capsules to share, and it would be good to see at least a few of us successfully growing it in our rock gardens. I have never seen it offered, but this Campanula deserves a ‘five-star’ rank among the other rock garden bellflowers!

Campanula alpina
Campanula alpina
Campanula alpina
Campanula alpina
Campanula alpina
Campanula alpina
Campanula alpina
Campanula alpina - white form
Campanula alpina - white form
Carpet of Primula minima
Carpet of Primula minima
Primula minima close up
Primula minima close up
Gentiana frigida
Gentiana frigida
Soldanella pusilla
Soldanella pusilla
Rhododendron kotschyi
Rhododendron kotschyi
View from Omu towards Piatra Craiului Mts.
View from Omu towards Piatra Craiului Mts.

 There were just a few small clumps of Gentiana frigida, growing only up to 10 cm, with the flowers held in erect, terminal clusters. Apparently, the colour can vary from white to lemon yellow, with blue stripes and spots. Flowering so late in the season, it makes me wonder if ever gets to produce mature seeds as it is not unusual to have snow there in September. It is probably the lack of available seeds that makes it very scarce in cultivation. Primula minima is indeed a minimalist Primula, so little yet forming such large mats that in some areas one has no choice but to step on it. The flowers, which are quite big, were gone and the capsules were just about to mature. Apparently it can be grown from seeds and does well in a gritty, acid, humus-rich mixture, but the big problem in cultivation is managing to have it flower properly. Soldanella pusilla is the only calcifuge from the Snowbells group and has pink to violet flowers. As I don’t have many pictures, I’ll just move forward to another Carpathian endemic: Rhododendron kotschyi. This is a low spreading rhododendron that grows up to 20-30 cm, usually in groups that can occasionally cover large areas. It is an unforgettable sight when in flower, with large, pink, fragrant flowers in late May- June! We were happy enough to see it again, even if just for the glossy foliage.

 

February 20, 2014
https://i0.wp.com/botanicallyinclined.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Campanula-alpina-copy.jpg?fit=650%2C525&ssl=1 525 650 BotanyCa https://botanicallyinclined.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/logo-red-new2.jpg BotanyCa2014-02-20 15:00:312023-03-20 17:42:25Campanula alpina and calcifuge friends

Blossoms of snow

Alpine plants, Botanical travels, Mountains, Plant portraits
Gentiana phlogifolia

Part V of Bucegi Mountains

Although not considered an emblem flower of the Carpathian Mts., Leontopodium alpinum – the Alps Edelweiss is much sought after. Whenever we had friends coming with us, they always wanted to see it growing on the mountain. It is not common everywhere, but we found it one day while hiking on Valea Cerbului towards a favourite place of ours, which can be reached by diverting from the marked trail leading to the plateau. The popular German name: edelweiss comes from ‘edel’-noble and ‘weiss’- white, while the scientific one: Leontopodium means ‘lion’s paw’. In Romanian the common name is: Queen’s flower and like in many other countries it is a protected species. Shortly lived in cultivation but it can be grown form seed.

Leontopodium alpinum
Leontopodium alpinum
Leontopodium alpinum
Leontopodium alpinum

 On the rich subalpine meadows at the bottom of the cliffs, more snow blossoms showed up – of our favourite Dianthus: Dianthus petraeus (subsp. petraeus), with fringed, white, fragrant flowers. Usually growing in crevices of big boulders or on the mountain slopes, it was unfortunately just at the end of flowering but the perfume from a few late flowers was a more than enough remainder. Then we found the endemic Dianthus tenuifolius, flowering abundantly in the sub-alpine meadow and also with some seeds as well; bright, pink flowers on 15-20 cm tall branched stems. And just when you think it cannot get any better, clumps of deep blue flowers of a rare endemic gentian started to appear: Gentiana phlogifolia (syn. G. cruciata subsp. phlogifolia). Flowering from July to September, it grows up to 20 cm but with somewhat trailing stems under the weight of the flowers.

Dianthus petraeus subsp. petraeus
Dianthus petraeus subsp. petraeus
Dianthus petraeus subsp. petraeus
Dianthus petraeus
Dianthus petraeus
Gentiana phlogifolia
Gentiana phlogifolia
Gentiana phlogifolia
Gentiana phlogifolia
Dianthus tenuifolius
Dianthus tenuifolius
Centaurea pinnatifida
Centaurea pinnatifida

 Going down on the memory lane by looking at the pictures, and also leafing through Flora of Romania, I realized that the very nice Centaurea pinnatifida, that we’ve seen growing in the same place, is also endemic!  Wishing that they will all bloom and grow forever on that magic mountain!

 

 

 

February 20, 2014
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And down we go…Aquilegia nigricans

Alpine plants, Botanical travels, Mountains, Plant portraits
Aconitum anthora

Part IV of Bucegi Mountains

Before leaving the Bucegi Plateau, one more look at the grassland plant communities in the alpine areas revels associations of Carex, Luzula, Festuca, Sesleria, Agrostis, Nardus,and Poa species – lots of them! In the summer time you’ll also find Campanula serrata another Carpathian endemic, flowering in these alpine and sub-alpine meadows, with typical blue flowers in paniculate inflorescences. Usually when beginning to descend, a cool breeze of nostalgia will come swiping over you. It is time to say goodbye and who knows when you’ll be back – but luckily many other plant species will sweeten the hike down for you. One option to descend from the Bucegi Plateau is to hike down on Jepilor Valley. It is quite steep at times but there is so much to see along the way!

You’ll most surely see the fluffy fruit heads of the alpine pasque flower – Pulsatilla alba (syn. Pulsatilla alpina subsp. alpicola), which forms clumps of finely divided leaves and has large, white flowers, hence the name alba. There is little chance to see it in flower, because conditions are too dangerous in this area in the springtime, but the fluffy fruit heads are enjoyable enough. Loiseleuria procumbens – creeping azalea, was nearby too, so we should assume that this Pulsatilla prefers a lime-free substrate. Not very abundant in the area, scarce would be better said, is Aquilegia nigricans. In late July-August it is past its flowering time, however at high elevations one may get lucky and enjoy one last flower – deep blue, that some describe almost as black, perhaps taking into consideration its name (‘nigricans’). Like with many species growing in somewhat unusual or not too easily accessible places, some descriptions on various websites are imaginary or applied based on the copy & paste function and should be careful considered.

 

Campanula serrata
Campanula serrata
Campanula serrata
Hiking down the Bucegi Plateau on Jepilor Valley
Hiking down the Bucegi Plateau on Jepilor Valley
Jepilor Valley
Jepilor Valley
Pulsatilla alba seeds head
Pulsatilla alba seeds head
Aquilegia nigricans
Aquilegia nigricans
Aquilegia nigricans- conglomerate
Aquilegia nigricans- conglomerate
Aquilegia nigricans - last flowers
Aquilegia nigricans - last flowers
View from Jepilor Valley
View from Jepilor Valley

The descending trail follows for a while high rocky walls, adorned with various species, among which a nowadays common garden campanula: Campanula carpatica. Long taken into cultivation, it still has a particular charm when seen growing in its native ‘land’ – rocks that is. Another member of Fam. Campanulaceae, but not as widely cultivated is Phyteuma orbiculare. Does not look like bellflowers, but it is a very interesting genus with quite a few species good to grow in the rock garden. And one more species usually seen in flower from July to September is Aconithum anthora, a yellow monkshood found cultivated sometimes. The really large, showy yellow flowers are easily seen from far away – Don’t forget that it belongs to the Wolfsbane family though!   A few more species are presented in the gallery (hard to abstain :) –  I am sure Carlina acaulis would raise a few eyebrows. It’s easy to recognize the most beautiful of the thistles, called alpine or stemless thistle. It forms large rosettes with spiny leaves, usually basking in the sun and the equally large flowerhead with silvery-white ray florets is very handsome and attracts pollinators. Its roots were employed in herbal medicine as a diuretic and cold remedy.

 

Campanula carpatica
Campanula carpatica
Campanula carpatica
Campanula carpatica
Campanula carpatica
Aconitum anthora
Aconitum anthora
Aconitum anthora
Aconitum anthora
Carlina acaulis
Carlina acaulis
Gentianella austriaca
Gentianella austriaca
Senecio squalidus
Senecio squalidus

 

 

February 20, 2014
https://i0.wp.com/botanicallyinclined.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Aconitum-anthora-3-copy.jpg?fit=500%2C375&ssl=1 375 500 BotanyCa https://botanicallyinclined.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/logo-red-new2.jpg BotanyCa2014-02-20 13:40:162023-03-20 17:42:26And down we go…Aquilegia nigricans

Still botanizing in the Bucegi Plateau

Alpine plants, Botanical travels, Mountains, Plant portraits
Dianthus glacialis

Geum reptans is an alpine gem of which I was able to collect a few seeds. Growing in crevices and spreading in mats over boulders, it was already past flowering during late July, and its ornamental fluffy seed heads were getting pink. Although also admired for its yellow flowers, I find the pinnate, fernlike foliage very beautiful in itself. Called ‘the best of its race of mountain avens’ by Jim Jermyn, it is most definitely calcifuge requiring a perfectly drained mixture and full sun exposure – perfect for a scree garden.

Near the Geum reptans, small tufts of Armeria alpina stood out on top of the rocks, and then, fiercely competing with them for our attention, Dianthus glacialis, with its brilliant pink flowers, was making it very hard to concentrate on taking pictures! Dianthus glacialis in flower is a must see, at least once in a lifetime. Small green cushions covered in almost stemless pink flowers, defy description. There are two subspecies, glacialis and gelidus, the later being a Romanian endemic. The differences between them are quite minute; without going into details, subsp. gelidus has bigger flowers with a more intense pink colour, and it seems that the clumps we found belonged to this subspecies. To change the colour spectrum, clumps of two wonderful Asteraceae with white flowers: Achillea schuri and Anthemis carpatica were sprinkled on the rocky slopes, blooming profusely. Anthemis carpatica is already taken into cultivation and apparently adapts well to full sun and calcareous substrates, while Achillea schuri, endemic to Romania, has still to make its way into the gardening world.

Geum reptans
Geum reptans
Geum reptans
Geum seed head
Geum seed head
Geum reptans
Geum reptans
Dianthus glacialis
Dianthus glacialis
Dianthus glacialis
Dianthus glacialis
Anthemis carpatica
Anthemis carpatica
Achillea schuri
Achillea schuri
Armeria alpina
Armeria alpina

Whenever the trail goes close to stone walls and outcrops, the delightful Campanula cochlearifolia greets you from above with its thimble-like delicate, blue flowers. It is not a pretentious plant to cultivate either, and can even overcome its boundaries if not restricted between some rocks. Among the species with violet or mauve flowers I have to mention Calamintha alpina subsp. baumgarteni (syn. Acinos alpinus subsp. alpinus). Considered a chamaephyte, it has a woody stem with small leaves and mauve flowers typical of the Lamiaceae family. On the other hand, the genus Oxytropis is not a stranger to rock gardeners, and Oxytropis halleri is a wonderful example with its violet flowers and dense pinnate foliage. And of course, it cannot be a mountain ‘story’ without a Saxifrage. Quite a few species are abounding in the Bucegi. Saxifraga paniculata seemed very happy in the Plateau, flowering in big colonies at margins of the path, as well as Saxifraga moschata, which has small rosettes, with finely divided leaves and yellow, fragrant flowers.

Campanula cochlearifolia
Campanula cochlearifolia
Campanula cochlearifolia
Campanula cochlearifolia
Calamintha alpina var. baumgarteni
Calamintha alpina var. baumgarteni
Saxifraga paniculata
Saxifraga paniculata
Oxytropis halleri
Oxytropis halleri
Saxifraga moschata
Saxifraga moschata

And to be continued…

 

 

 

 

February 20, 2014
https://i0.wp.com/botanicallyinclined.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Dianthus-glacialis1-copy.jpg?fit=500%2C395&ssl=1 395 500 BotanyCa https://botanicallyinclined.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/logo-red-new2.jpg BotanyCa2014-02-20 13:30:362023-03-20 17:42:26Still botanizing in the Bucegi Plateau

Climbing Monks…hoods

Gardens, Plant portraits

Yet another subject that I don’t have enough time to dedicate – the climbing Aconitum species. While the old fashioned monkshoods have been in the gardens and are well known for a long time (yes, despite the fact that they are highly poisonous), the climbing ones are still to raise a few eyebrows. Most of them, like A. hemsleyanum, A. volubile, and A. uncinatum with the usual blue flowers are a bit more common than this one that makes me start the conversation: Aconitum alboviolaceum – from China, Korea, Far East Russia, where it grows in “forest, scrub in valleys, mountains; 300-1400 m” (Flora of China vol.6). Two varieties are recognized: var. alboviolaceum: with twining stems – 100-250 cm and var. erectum – stems up to 30 cm tall.

Aconitum alboviolaceum

Aconitum alboviolaceum var. alboviolaceum

Raised from seed and in its third year now, it twined very gracefully around a snake bark maple in the Display Garden at Lost Horizons, without becoming too cumbersome. In a perfect match with the snake bark, rows of monks with pink&white hoods are now, slowly climbing up….

Aconitum alboviolaceum var. alboviolaceum in the Display Garden at Lost Horizons Nursery
Aconitum alboviolaceum var. alboviolaceum in the Display Garden at Lost Horizons Nursery
Aconitum alboviolaceum var. alboviolaceum close-up

 

 

 

 

September 9, 2013
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Alpine Golden Nuggets from Wrightman Alpines

Gardens, Plant portraits

The Plant Gold Rush continues with the most precious of finds: the alpine golden nuggets. We found them at Wrightman Alpines during their open house last Sunday. It had been a while since I was lucky to admire their Saxifrages in flower, so we made another trip that turned out into a photography extravaganza.  Many ‘golden nuggets’ were either in flower or at their best foliage; we took advantage of our most kind hosts, Irene and Harvey Wrightman, and poked around every corner of their wonderful rockery garden and nursery. Even for a plant connoisseur the richness of plant species they have can be a bit overwhelming to digest, so I’ll take it slow and there’ll be more to come…

Paeonia suffruticosa ssp. rockii

Paeonia suffruticosa ssp. rockii

At this time of the year, after admiring the most impressive clumps of Paeonia suffruticosa spp. rockii, the best would be to explore the rock gardens around the house before heading into the hoop houses (although being very detailed people we did the other way around).

 Enjoy a few images from Wrightman Alpines Nursery rock  gardens

Rock crevices with lots of  'plant golden nuggets'

Rock crevices with lots of ‘plant golden nuggets’

Rock crevice garden with an incorporated trough

Rock crevice garden with an incorporated trough

Chaenorrhinum glareosum

Chaenorrhinum glareosum – Nevada dwarf snapdragon (from Sierra Nevada, Spain)

A glorious Asperula suberosa

A glorious Asperula suberosa

Polygala major and Jurinella moschus var. moschus

Polygala major and right – Jurinella moschus var. moschus

Penstemon fruticosus var. serratus 'Holly'

Penstemon fruticosus var. serratus ‘Holly’

A small crevice dweller - Androsace globifera

A small crevice dweller – Androsace globifera

Asyneuma limonifolium ssp. limonifolium

Asyneuma limonifolium ssp. limonifolium

Irene was very happy about this cactuses growing in the alvar type rock

Irene was very happy about these cacti growing in the alvar type rock

Aquilegia scopulorum x A. coerulea

Aquilegia scopulorum x A. coerulea

Rarely seen Oncocyclus susiana (syn. Iris susiana)

Rarely seen Oncocyclus susiana (syn. Iris susiana)

Of course, we came home very grateful and with a few gifted golden nuggets; to show off just one of them:

Scutellaria orientalis ssp. pinnatifida

Scutellaria orientalis ssp. pinnatifida – a very floriferous and bright Scutellaria (from Turkey at 2500 m)

The wonderful day spent among the plethora of alpine species (native and non-natives) brought to my mind a few places we traveled to and I wrote about – see the Botanical Trailblazers page. Gold mines full of ‘golden nuggets’ await to be discovered almost everywhere – start exploring!

May 27, 2013
https://i0.wp.com/botanicallyinclined.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/one-of-the-most-precious-native-golden-nuggets-hymenoxys-lapidicola1.jpg?fit=550%2C413&ssl=1 413 550 BotanyCa https://botanicallyinclined.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/logo-red-new2.jpg BotanyCa2013-05-27 23:28:302023-03-20 17:42:27Alpine Golden Nuggets from Wrightman Alpines

And then there were the Saxifrages…

Gardens, Plant portraits, Propagation

The Latin word saxifraga means literally “stone-breaker”, from Latin saxum (“rock” or “stone”) + frangere (“to break”). Pliny the Elder thought the plant was named like this because at the time it was given to dissolve gallstones (another example of the Doctrine of Signatures). Even so, Saxifraga is a very good name for a plant growing in rock crevices.

Saxifraga 'Redpoll'

Saxifraga ‘Redpoll’

Some of my regular readers might have noticed my penchant for mountains, and of course, everything that grows on them. The seed collections from the Carpathian Mts. we did last summer, my limited garden space (at some point there is no other way to expand but UP), and the fact that every year I plan to do it and it never happens, all combined together and I finally made it to the only nursery specialized in alpine plants from Ontario: Wrightman Alpines .

Alpine house with Saxifraga

Alpine house with Saxifraga and many other species

It is a small size operation (mail-order) but growing a vast array of alpine plants from all over the world. On their website, besides perusing the catalogue, with some species in very short supply, you can watch a few interesting videos about building clay crevice gardens, planting tufa and much more. Alas, this cold month of March made it that many species were behind their usual growth, but to put things into balance, the Saxifrages were in flower. Skilfully grown in small tufa pieces by Harvey Wrightman, they were looking like miniatural rock gardens in themselves.

Saxifraga 'Athena'

Saxifraga ‘Athena’

Saxifraga cohlearis 'Minor'

Saxifraga cochlearis ‘Minor’

Saxifraga oppositifolia 'Florissa'

Saxifraga oppositifolia ‘Florissa’

The genus Saxifraga is quite large, comprising a wide range of mostly perennial plants, many of which are alpines. According to the Saxifraga Society there are some 480 known species and countless garden hybrids. The sections that are of garden interest are: the ‘mossies’ (section Saxifraga), the ‘silvers (section Ligulatae) and the Kabschia and Engleria subsections (of section Porphyrion).

Saxifraga 'Allendale Charm'

Saxifraga ‘Allendale Charm’

Saxifraga oppositifolia 'Theodor'

Saxifraga oppositifolia ‘Theodor’

Saxifraga 'Premsyl Orac'

Saxifraga ‘Premsyl Orac’

Now, if I made you think I know what I’m talking about, you are wrong (in this case). When I’ll be done with the many other genera I’m working on, I’ll get to the Saxifraga too, but that might be a long time from now. Unless you really need a botanical challenge in your life, I suggest that you do like me: try to have fun growing a few of them in your rock garden.

Saxifraga 'Penelope'

Saxifraga ‘Penelope’

Saxifraga ex. Porteous # 2

Saxifraga ex. Porteous

Saxifraga 'Jana'

Saxifraga ‘Jana’

Saxifraga 'Dana'

Saxifraga ‘Dana’

And of course, I came home with my ‘Romeo’ (and a carload of tufa stones), hope our romance will last a bit longer…

Saxifraga 'Romeo'

Saxifraga ‘Romeo’

For the connoisseurs, I cannot end without showing a real alpine gem: Dionysia tapetoides – a cliff-dweller, native from Afghanistan, hard to grow and equally hard to find.

Dyonisia tapetoides

Dionysia tapetoides flowering at Wrightman Alpine Nursery

March 24, 2013
https://i0.wp.com/botanicallyinclined.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/saxifraga-redpoll-2.jpg?fit=550%2C392&ssl=1 392 550 BotanyCa https://botanicallyinclined.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/logo-red-new2.jpg BotanyCa2013-03-24 19:33:352023-03-20 17:42:28And then there were the Saxifrages…

Sunday Phlog: Never enough Gentians

Gardens, Plant portraits

Flowering faithfully from spring through summer and late fall, the Gentians are my most beloved flowers. Although I am usually associating them with a mountainous environment, there are plenty of species/varieties growing happily in ordinary garden conditions. This gallery contains Gentiana species and varieties from our travels and from Lost Horizons Nursery (where a few are available to purchase) and it will be updated gradually.

Gentiana lutea
Gentiana lutea
Gentiana lutea
Gentiana lutea
Gentiana phlogifolia
Gentiana phlogifolia
Gentiana frigida
Gentiana frigida
Gentiana nivalis
Gentiana nivalis
Gentiana 'True Blue'
Gentiana 'True Blue'
Gentiana tibetica
Gentiana tibetica
Gentiana andrewsii
Gentiana andrewsii
Gentiana septemfida var. lagodechiana 'Select'
Gentiana septemfida var. lagodechiana 'Select'
Gentiana scabra 'Zuiko Rindo'
Gentiana scabra 'Zuiko Rindo'
Gentiana dahurica
Gentiana dahurica
Gentiana 'Kingfisher'
Gentiana 'Kingfisher'
Gentiana 'Kingfisher'
Gentiana 'Kingfisher'
Gentiana angustifolia 'Iceberg'
Gentiana angustifolia 'Iceberg'
Gentiana makinoi 'Blue Magic'
Gentiana makinoi 'Blue Magic'
Gentiana makinoi 'Blue Magic'
Gentiana makinoi 'Blue Magic'
Gentiana clausa
Gentiana clausa
Gentiana asclepiadea
Gentiana asclepiadea
Gentiana asclepiadea - white form
Gentiana asclepiadea - white form

 

And if you are crazy like me about Gentianaceae please visit The Gentian Research Network.

September 9, 2012
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Sunday Phlog: More cinnamon, please?

Gardens, Plant portraits

Yeah, I have to show off more of the Roscoea ‘Cinnamon Stick’, it’s tooooo beautiful…

Roscoea purpurea ‘Cinnamon Stick’

The first species to flower is also one of the most cultivated – Roscoea cautleoides. Typically it has pale yellow flowers, but there are also forms with pink flowers.

Roscoea cautleoides

Roscoea cautleoides ‘Jeffrey Thomas’ – flowers with an enlarged labellum, primrose yellow and the hood with a deeper yellow

Roscoea auriculata – native of Nepal, Sikkim and Xizang, has large flowers usually deep violet or purple and consistently auriculate (eared) leaves on the pseudostem. It is sometimes confused with R. purpurea, however it flowers earlier and it has white staminodes and a strongly downward-facing labellum.

Roscoea auriculata

Roscoea auriculata – group photo

Grown from a batch of seedlings supposedly of R. cautleoides, it was a very pleasant surprise for us to discover that we have a new species in cultivation: Roscoea scillifolia f. atropurpurea. This one seems to be rare not only in cultivation but in the wild too, so it is fair to say that we just got lucky!

Roscoea scillifolia – f. atropurpurea, with small flowers of almost black colour

 

August 19, 2012
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A Yellow Giant: Gentiana lutea

Gardens, Medicinal plants, Plant portraits

Some of you may be surprised to find out that the following image belongs to a gentian, but it’s true. This is Gentiana lutea (Yellow gentian, Bitter Root), native to the mountainous regions of central and southern Europe (Carpathians, Alps, Pyrenees…), where usually grows in alpine and sub-alpine meadows on calcareous soils. It is a tall perennial, reaching 1-2 m, with large leaves arranged in a basal rosette until flowering. The yellow flowers are atypical for a gentian, with corolla deeply divided in 5-7 narrow petals, and disposed in terminal and axillary clusters.

Gentiana lutea

Gentiana lutea flowers

Gentiana lutea has been used for centuries as a medicinal plant, and to flavour alcoholic drinks commonly known as bitters, which are very common and widely used in Germany, France, Switzerland and Italy. For this purpose, the roots and rhizomes are collected in late fall and dried, practice that has lead to over-collecting and brought the species to endangered lists in many countries. The principal medicinal use of the yellow gentian is for digestive disorders due to its bitter compounds, among which the gentiopicrin, is one of the most bitter natural compounds known.

Apart for its medicinal virtues, it is an impressive perennial, a focal point for a sunny perennial garden. It is a rare find, so hurry up and spread the word! Flowers in June-July or in July-August at high elevations. Needless to say that it is very hardy. Propagation has to be done by seed.

Gentiana lutea

Gentiana lutea in the Display Garden at Lost Horizons

Of botanical interest: Despite its atypical flowers Gentiana lutea it is the type species of the genus Gentiana! [The generic type is a representative species that is selected when a genus is described].

I’ll have more on Gentiana lutea, as the few seeds I collected from the Carpathians Mts. will germinate (fingers crossed) and also I hope I’ll manage to collect more seeds in the future.

Meanwhile,  you can see the yellow giant in flower by visiting the Lost Horizons Display Garden in July (and sometimes a few plants are available for sale).

June 28, 2012
https://botanicallyinclined.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/logo-red-new2.jpg 0 0 BotanyCa https://botanicallyinclined.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/logo-red-new2.jpg BotanyCa2012-06-28 00:14:342023-03-20 17:42:29A Yellow Giant: Gentiana lutea

Who’s afraid of the Arisaemas?

Gardens, Plant portraits

In the garden world the common ‘everyday’ can vanish somewhere between real and surreal; for sure Arisaemas are to blame for this. Mysterious and animistic creatures, they are permanently watching us, even from the underground. At Lost Horizons Nursery there are quite a few Arisaema species (Cobra lilies or Jack-in-the-pulpits) around; sometimes benevolent and sometimes mischievous you’ll find them everywhere: in small seedling trays to pots, stock beds or in the display gardens.

Arisaema ringens

Arisaema ringens from the galeate section of cobra lilies is worth growing only for the huge, trifoliolate, glossy, and leathery leaves. The thick spathe with green and purple stripes resembles a cobra head rising up from the shade, ready to attack garden intruders. The spathe-limb is described botanically as galeate (galea – means helmet), and can be green or purple with white stripes and revolute green or purple margins. The spadix is either male or female. Origin: Japan, S. Korea, Taiwan, and E China. The only regret that someone can have about A. ringens is that it rarely produces seeds. Maybe the right pollinators are not around, and we also need to have the two partners together in order to have babies, aka. seeds (at least in most cases).

Arisaema ringens flowering last year in June

Another species with galeate spathe-limb (helmet-like) is A. franchetianum. It has 1 or 2 trifoliolate leaves with bluish green, ovate leaflets and the inflorescence appears below the leaf, like in A. ringens. Arisaema franchetianum ‘Hugo’ has the spathe-limb deep purple with white stripes and its tip is ending in a 20 cm long tail-like apex. The spadix is either male or female, exceptionally bisexual – but let’s not get started on the Arisaemas gender variability now…

Arisaema franchetianum ‘Hugo’ showing up in a pot

Arisaema franchetianum doesn’t require that much shade like other Arisaemas; in its original habitat is actually growing in “ open sunny sites among boulders and scrubs, along roadsides” (SW China, NE India, and N Myanmar). Here you have it, one Arisaema that doesn’t have to be in the woodland garden!

Arisaema franchetianum ‘Hugo’ flowering last year

Do not be afraid of the Arisaemas, take my example – Good and not so good things happening around the garden?

Blame them all on the Arisaemas!

April 29, 2012
https://botanicallyinclined.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/logo-red-new2.jpg 0 0 BotanyCa https://botanicallyinclined.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/logo-red-new2.jpg BotanyCa2012-04-29 23:11:492023-03-20 17:42:29Who’s afraid of the Arisaemas?

The Lord of the Corydalis

Moist packed seeds, Plant portraits

I someone would ask me, I would say that no garden is complete without at least one member of the ephemeral genus of Corydalis. The more common is the delightful Corydalis solida, plus other bulbous species but wait until you meet the lord of the genus: Corydalis nobilis. If lucky to be able to drive you can see it in flower at Lost Horizons Nursery  (not applying anymore, the nursery has closed down). It does not look quite like a Corydalis and it is hard to believe that it will  become dormant in early summer.

Corydalis nobilis in early spring

Sometimes called Siberian Corydalis, Corydalis nobilis (Fam. Fumariaceae) was introduced in cultivation in Sweden in 1765 due to a fortunate mistake. The  seeds received by Linnaeus were collected from Siberia (Altai mountain range) and believed to be of Lamprocapnos spectabilis. This wonderful Corydalis is said to still grow happily in Carl Linnaeus’ gardens at Upsalla and at Hammarby. Unfortunately, the prediction of  “a great horticultural future” for this species has not become true yet. Not being very easy to propagate might have something to do with this; in fact it is not difficult to grow from seeds as long as they are fresh. It is available only from a few specialty nurseries in Europe and North America, and of course some years at Lost Horizons.

Corydalis nobilis is very cold hardy and will start growing quite fast in the spring achieving a 30-50+ cm tall clump with juicy stems and green-blue ferny leaves. It produces lots of dense inflorescences, with 20-35 flowers, golden yellow with the inner petals dark violet at the top and they are spicy fragrant! (a detail few people are mentioning).  The flowering lasts for about three weeks in April-May. It sets seeds, then becomes dormant somewhere in June.

Corydalis nobilis inflorescence

Origin: NW. Siberia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, N. Xinjiang (China). Propagated by seed (sown immediately when ripe, otherwise the ants will run away with them to feed on the elaiosomes) or by division in the fall. Corydalis nobilis has an irregularly branched, fragile rootstock, and it is not easy to divide; it is best grown from fresh seeds. It can grow in full sun or shade, but will thrive best in a place reasonable dry during the summer.
A focal point in the spring garden, the Lord of the genus Corydalis never fails to attract attention and questions from the visitors.

Corydalis nobilis in the Display Garden at Lost Horizons

April 22, 2012
https://i0.wp.com/botanicallyinclined.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/corydalis-nobilis-62.jpg?fit=545%2C263&ssl=1 263 545 BotanyCa https://botanicallyinclined.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/logo-red-new2.jpg BotanyCa2012-04-22 21:16:352026-05-29 13:59:54The Lord of the Corydalis
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