Waiting…raspberries and blackberries

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Rubus odoratus

Well, today’s news is that the Unionized workers of Canada Post voted against the latest contract offer. The common sense didn’t prevail after all. More uncertainty  is something that we do not actually need at this time.

We have to wait and see what the bankrupt Crown Corporation will announce on this matter. There is no point to accept orders and then not being able to ship the seeds, or for the small parcels to remain on hold in their containers, especially those with moist packed seeds.

The positive side of waiting, is that more seeds will available.
Latest collections: Rubus odoratus, Purple-flowered raspberry and Rubus canadensis, the Smooth blackberry – this one new to the Seed List.

Rubus odoratus is more an ornamental raspberry appreciated for its large, purple fragrant flowers, foliage and attractive red fruits which are edible but not truly tasty.

Rubus canadensis with immature fruits

On the other hand, Rubus canadensis produces delicious, sweet fruits and most often in great quantity; red maturing to black.

*Despite the common name (Smooth blackberry), it can sometimes have small prickles on the stems.

Not everyone can grow a raspberry or blackberry in their garden; most are large size shrubs/colonizers. However, it is good to know more about the native species that can be encountered while hiking, and which are the sweetest of them 😊

Flowers of all the raspberries and blackberries attract various pollinators, while the berries provide food for mammals and birds!

Native woodland garden recipe – updated

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At the same time with cleaning seeds and updates of the inventory, I look to see what posts may need to be removed to make space for new ones. On this occasion I  stumbled upon a post entitled: Native woodland garden recipe, which I think would be good to bring ‘upfront’ (those familiar with Photoshop know what I mean), with a few updates made.

It is about the usefulness of sowing species with similar germination and seedlings growth requirements grouped together, and methods that can be used to avoid having too many individual pots sitting around.

A native woodland garden recipe updated
Please read all other posts with links provided at the end.
Fingers crossed Canada Post employees will vote with common sense on their labor dispute; we should know on Friday what’s going to be.

Select a large container (preferably a rectangular one), add a good potting soil mixture, press firmly and add:
 1/2 tbs Trillium grandiflorum (Large-flowered Trillium) seeds (+/- 50 s)
1/2 tbs Uvularia grandiflora (large-flowered bellwort) seeds (+30 s)
1/2 tbs Clintonia borealis (Blue bead lily) seeds (or other Trillium species)
1/3 tbs Asarum canadense (wild ginger)

Cover with 2+ cm of the same mixture
Water very well by going over with the watering can a few times, at intervals
Simmer for at least 2 years in a part-shaded location; never let the container dry out! (sun in the spring, then shade to part-shade)
For best results in a cold climate: dug the container in the ground, cover with a mesh for critters; add a layer of dry leaves on top of it in late fall for winter protection
Remove the leaves in early spring; you may need to top up the container with a bit of fresh mix
Continue simmering, check regularly the water status – this is very important!
Ready to consume usually after 3-4 years (ie. to transplant the seedlings)

Trillium grandiflorum seeds

Uvularia grandiflora seeds

Clintonia borealis seeds

Wild ginger seedlings

The recipe can be adapted to your particular needs. For example if the wild ginger is needed in greater quantity, the seeds can be planted in a separate container.

You can also add to the recipe: 1 tbs Caulophyllum thalictroides (Blue cohosh) seeds!(+/- 14 s) – but sown in a separate large deep pot, or ‘in situ’ because of the 2 years germination and the seedlings that form a large root system even when young. Sanguinaria canadensis (Bloodroot) seeds are also recommended, added to the recipe similar with Caulophyllum.

In case of sowing in a large container, take care and do not sow too many seeds! The future seedlings need space for growing!

Also, you can reduce the recipe in half, replace some of the species, or use individual pots grouped together in a flat/holding container (as shown in another post).
*Those adventurous can also sow all these species ‘in situ’, ie. directly in the ground (double up the recipe in that case).

Joke aside, from my own experience it is much easier to handle plant species with similar requirements for germination/growing conditions when grouped together.

Few older postings of interest:
Moist packing – what’s that?
We got the moist packed seeds – now what?
FAQ – moist packed seeds

           

Summer Seeds 2025

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Newly collected hydrophilic seeds are in stock: Jeffersonia, Asarum, Sanguinaria and Stylophorum diphyllum, plus other species that require first a warm moist stratification before the winter (cold/moist stratification). They can be easily found in the tab above the regular Seed List.
What hydrophilic seeds means? To make a long story short:

Various species have been proven to have hydrophilic seeds, which means that if they are let to dry (like for the majority of other species) and are kept this way for certain periods of time, they lose their viability and will either not germinate upon sowing, or will germinate poorly & over a longer period of time.
So, they have to be either sown soon after collecting, or if they will be used at a later date, they need to be kept moist. Hence our ‘Moist packed category’.

Sowing such seeds soon after collecting or keeping them moist throughout the summer mimics their natural growing conditions, will result most times in 100% germination. It is a lot of extra work but worth doing it.

Sanguinaria canadensis seeds are offered for free (1 pck., while quantity lasts) with any order for other seeds, during the Canada Day promotion.
Orders are accepted until July 5. Afterwards, I have to take care of some personal matters, so the Shop will close for about 2 weeks.

Pachyphragma macrophyllum

Other species that do not have hydrophilic seeds but give best results when sowed during the summer because they require first a warm/moist stratification period, have been added to the listing: Pachyphragma, Cardamine and Helleborus.
In other cases (Pseudofumaria, Pulsatilla) by sowing in the summer it is possible to obtain seedlings this season and thus shorten the time needed for full grown plants.

Helleborus seeds can be sown until late summer/early fall in our climate, but they are listed in case someone needs more seeds in order to optimize the shipping costs.

Sanguinaria canadensis 2024

Asarum canadense

Helleborus caucasicus

Jeffersonia diphylla

*Regarding the hydrophilic seeds, since they are freshly collected most will be shipped doubled packed in glassine envelopes/plastic bags (some may be moist packed in vermiculite).
**As usual, the remaining hydrophilic seeds will be moist-packed and available for the fall-winter sale (where enough seeds).
***All orders must conform with the Ordering and Shipping terms.

Those new to the Shop and website, please read more about these species on their pages, also have a look at the Germination page for more info on: Growing Helleborus from seeds, Growing Jeffersonia from seeds, Growing Caulophyllum from seeds…

Many thanks again to all who support BotanyCa in the endeavour of offering fresh seeds of various native and other plants species. We can all make a small contribution to sustain the biodiversity simply by growing a few plants from seeds!

The ‘superfluous’ Penstemon

Upon inspection, Jeffersonia diphylla capsules will open soon. I  just collected Asarum canadense seeds (wild ginger) and Sanguinaria canadensis capsules look ready to burst. So, we will wait a couple of days to start a new wave of fresh seeds sale. Stay tuned…and check the Seed List for what’s coming.

Penstemon grandiflorus ‘War Axe’

Meanwhile, a beautiful North American Penstemon is flowering for the first time: Penstemon grandiflorus, the Shell-leaf Penstemon.
I was expecting lilac flowers but instead they are deep purple. Since I got the seeds from a friend (cultivated source), I thought a bit more research might be necessary even if all characters match for it.

It was easy, it seems there is a seed strain offered as ‘War Axe’, with the resulting seedlings in various colors from lilac to pink and deep purple. I have 2 plants and both are the same. So, this was clarified and the changes were made in the Shop.
Reading here and there, I become aware of another issue: some databases (WFO, POWO) are listing Penstemon grandiflorus Nutt. as a synonym name for Penstemon bradbury Pursh.

This on the account that Penstemon grandiflorus name is considered superfluous. The meaning of a superfluous plant name is that: if a new name is published for a species, and it included the type of an existing, valid name, then the new name is considered superfluous and illegitimate. This is because the author of the new name should have used the existing, valid name.

On the other hand, Flora of North America specialist for the genus accepted the name Penstemon grandiflorus while considering Penstemon bradbury an illeg., superfluous name: “The validity of the name Penstemon grandiflorus has been debated owing to the meager diagnosis by Nuttall. The name is accepted here, making P. bradburyi Pursh, an illegitimate, superfluous replacement for P. grandiflorus.”

Squabble between the specialists? 😉 Not the first time happening…
I usually prefer to follow the Flora of North America taxonomic treatments, regardless of the country/continent, as opposed to various databases compilations, so at least for now I keep P. grandiflorus.

The name may be ‘superfluous’ by some, but the beauty of the “Largest and showiest of the North American prairie penstemons” is not contested by anyone.

 

 

Prosartes lanuginosa

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Prosartes lanuginosa in flower (yellow mandarin), garden cultivated.

 Prosartes lanuginosa (the yellow mandarin) is in full bloom in my garden, looking more beautiful than ever and deserving a mention.
I looked back at propagation pictures and these older plants were tiny seedlings  in 2018! Formerly named Disporum, this is the only Prosartes species growing wild in Southern Ontario, and only in restricted locations.

Easily recognized by its graceful habit with usually 3 branching stems ending with 1-2 cream flowers (despite the name yellow mandarin) in late spring, followed by bright red/orange fruits in the fall. 

I mentioned on other occasions that I am partial to all Disporum and Prosartes species; there is a subtle elegance in the way they grow and carry themselves, not equaled by many other plants. Some may see it and some may not….obviously I like them very much!

Of course that one needs to see them grow and flower in order to appreciate their beauty, which is not an easy task. They are absent from regular garden centres and even specialized nurseries do not offer too many such species. Luckily they adapt well and are easy growing in the garden.

Yellow mandarin makes a great plant for the woodland garden. It flowers right after the Uvularia and Trillium grandiflorum have bloomed.  Other good native companions: Claytonia virginica, Asarum canadense, Jeffersonia diphylla, Hydrophyllum virginianum, Viola canadensis, Stylophorum diphyllum…to mention just a few.

It it is not difficult to grow from seeds: fresh seeds need to be sown in early fall and the pots kept outdoors to allow the natural variations in temperature (slightly warm – fall – cold -winter). Always keep an eye for the fresh seeds offered usually in September.

Prosartes lanuginosa (Michx.) D.Don seeds

Prosartes lanuginosa in habitat

Prosartes lanuginosa seedlings

Prosartes lanuginosa seedlings April 2020

Prosartes lanuginosa seedlings

Prosartes lanuginosa 3 years old seedlings

The season of ten thousand flowers

The season of ten thousand flowers has begun and the title of this haiku describes very well what is happening in this part of Ontario: the sudden rise of temperatures in mid April results in the overlapping flowering of many spring wildflowers.

This, of course, coincides with many garden tasks, which all need to be done asap, plus new plantings, all which are best done before the summer heat settles in.

The Corydalis tried to flower earlier, but then a wave of cold air stopped them for a while. Right now all are blooming together with Hepaticas, Sanguinaria, Helleborus, Jeffersonia dubia, various Draba and Primula species, plus few Pulsatilla…

Considering the time of flowering, Hepatica seeds will mature somewhere at the end of May this year.

With Corydalis we may never know; notably mama bumblebees (their major pollinator) haven’t made an apparition yet.

The next postings will feature previous writings on Hepatica, unless I have something notable new to add.

Enjoy the long-awaited spring, which will surely merge fast into the summer!

A short Corydalis summary especially for those new to the blog (also see the related posts).

Growing Corydalis solida & allies from seeds

Corydalis Easter edition 2022

Corydalis 2023

To finish about spring Corydalis

 

 

While waiting for spring…

Considering the current weather, the ‘real’ spring will be delayed this year and most likely we’ll enjoy our beloved spring flowering native species a bit later than usual.

The spring of 2020, a Covid year, was similar. Combined with the traveling restrictions I had plenty of time to write and emphasize about various native species growing in my garden; most of them grown from seeds of course!
While doing it, I was enjoying the true spring harbingers, which are non-natives. Truth is, all very early spring flowering plants in our cold climate: the snowdrops, reticulate irises, crocuses, hellebores…are non-native species, and I wouldn’t be without any of them. There is always plenty of space for both categories 😉

Looking back, it is nice to note the progress in my garden: the patches of wild ginger have greatly expanded and I already divided them, same goes for the mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum), the waterleaf (Hydrophyllum virginianum), Maianthemum stellatum and even Sanguinaria canadensis. Many seedlings shown back then (in 2020) are now at flowering and fruiting stage! Even a few Claytonia virginica patches escaped the squirrels foraging.

It is worth repeating, at the beginning of a new season when everyone gets easily excited, that depending on the region where we garden and the particularities of our garden, we have to think carefully what native (and non-native) species may adapt and grow well for us. As much as we would like, we cannot grow all of them.
Like I said at the time, “trying to use locations in the garden that reproduce the native habitat is the key to their happiness”.
Also, by growing from seeds and planting more seedlings in the garden, usually ensure more success than buying and planting just one mature plant in one location.

Click on the green links, review, take notes, make garden plans and spring will soon arrive!
Spring in time of covid III – about Allium tricoccum (wild leeks), Stylophorum diphyllum (woodland poppy), Primula mistassinica, bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis).

Primula mistassinica, late April/May

Sanguinaria canadensis

Stylophorum diphyllum

Spring in time of covid IV – about native plants for moist areas, Indian paintbrushes (Castilleja), Blue flag iris (Iris versicolor) and other Irises, Parnassia, Lobelia, Zigadenus elegans….Castilleja coccinea has even flowered one year and few self-sown seedlings may continue the show.

Castilleja coccinea garden, June 2023

Iris versicolor, late April, May

Parnassia glauca, summer

Spring in time of covid V – about other woodland species like Asarum canadense (wild ginger), Caulophyllum (blue cohosh), Prosartes lanuginosa (yellow mandarin).

Asarum-canadense-Maianthemum

Caulophyllum giganteum

Prosartes lanuginosa seedlings April 2020

More about other native species in the “Wildflowers” category posts.
Hepatica species have a whole page dedicated to them!

Also use the “Search” tab: write the plant name you are interested in and if something was written, it will show up. Want to know about the Golden seal? (Hydrastis canadense) just write the name and all the posts will line-up.

Friday’s seeds and Rhamnus alnifolia portrait

Did you know that we have a Canadian native buckthorn? It is not weedy, it doesn’t have thorns, and more than this, it grows as a small size shrub, so it doesn’t take a lot of space. It is never a good idea to stereotype 😉
The seeds were limited as availability, and of course, those who watch the Seeds List got hold of them, but winter is a good time to talk and learn about another not so well-known native plant.

Rhamnus alnifolia, the Alder-leaves Buckthorn or Dwarf alder, is a very cold hardy, native shrub of many regions of Canada, from BC to Newfoundland (plus North Central US). Widespread in some regions and localized in others, it is easy to recognize if one happens to stumble upon, mainly by its nice, shiny foliage (of course, you will have to check all the other characters).

The Alder-leaves Buckthorn is a thornless, deciduous shrub with shiny, conspicuous alternate leaves: lanceolate-oblong to elliptical with (4)5-7 secondary veins, margins crenate. As you notice, the common name alludes to the alder leaf similarity. It is a small size,  +/- 1 m shrub, that inhabits wetlands, fens (generally calcareous) swamps, wet meadows, forest edges and streambanks.

Rhamnus alnifolia

Rhamnus alnifolia flowers

Rhamnus alnifolia fruits

As seen  in the image above, the flowers are inconspicuous: female and male flowers develop on different plants in May-July (plants are dioecious). They are solitary or in small inflorescences and have 5 greenish sepals; fruits are bluish-black, ornamental, and develop in the fall.

Rhamnus alnifolia stones; 1 mm grid

Rhamnus alnifolia habitat

The bluish-black drupes can contain up to 3 ‘stones’ (which we call seeds). Most surely, the stones require cold/moist stratification for good germination (i.e. sowing in late fall/early winter).

In cultivation, the Alder-leaves buckthorn would be a great shrubby addition for those with a relatively wet area in the garden and for naturalization projects.

If we draw inspiration from nature, good companion plants for the Alder-leaves buckthorn would be: various goldenrods (Solidago), White snakeroot (Ageratina altissima), Lobelia species, Shrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa, i.e. Dasiphora), Thalictrum pubescens, Northern blue flag (Iris versicolor), Gentianopsis, Triantha glutinosa, Ladies tresses (Spiranthes), Sarracenia, Myrica gale and many other species for moist locations.

 

 

Friday’s seeds & plant portrait: Eriophorum virginicum

I am very happy to notice that more people are willing to grow species listed in the Grasses & related genera category, which contains various grasses per se and sedges, most of them unrepresented in our gardens for no good reason.

Eriophorum virginicum on the shoreline of Lake Huron, ON.

Eriophorum virginicum, Tawny cottongrass, Rusty cottongrass, or Hare’s Tail cottongrass has been added, mostly by mistake, from my desire to use a few seedheads in a vase.
The whitish fluffy seeds-heads, contrasting with the first fall colors of surrounding landscapes are always very attractive. Of course, I should have known better…. they disintegrate easily at maturity.

So, those with possibilities, meaning a wet area (which doesn’t have to be very large) and acidic substrate, have something new to grow and add to their collection of native plants.

The scientific name of the genus Eriophorum derives from the Greek words erion (cotton or wool) and phoros (bearing). The common name is a reference to the cottony nature of the fruiting heads.
All species have +/- the same cotton-like fruiting heads and they are mostly white color. In case of the Tawny cottongrass they are brownish-yellow in color (at full maturity).

Tawny cottongrass can be found in open areas in bogs, conifer swamps, low, wet depressions on rocks, wet meadows.
This species is easily distinguished from other North American Eriophorum species because it is flowering and fruiting later in the season; the spikelets are usually maturing in August and have a rather brownish color. There are of course other methods of ID, but we can keep it simple in this case.

It is a sedge, with slender, grass-like leaves; rhizomatous. The fruiting heads are covered with a cottony mass, and the fruits are 3-angled, brown to black achenes with silky, tawny, hair-like bristles longer than the achenes; one of those situations when the fruits are commonly called seeds. The hairs help with the distribution by wind or water.

Eriophorum virginicum fruithead and achenes

Besides their ornamental fruitheads, Eriophorum species also have wildlife value, with the foliage consumed by many small and large mammals and various birds feeding on their seeds.
There are also reports of consumption by Indigenous People of the young stem bases and the roots of the Slender Cotton-grass, E. gracile (raw or cooked).
Also, the seeds hairs have been used to make candle wicks and for stuffing pillows.

 

Old & new

Those interested can find the following native species seeds back in stock:
Diervilla lonicera, Lilium michiganense, Lespedeza violacea and Thalictrum pubescens.

New for this year:

Ageratina altissima (aka. Eupatorium rugosum)

Ageratina altissima, formerly Eupatorium rugosum, the White Snakeroot, is a plant mostly found growing in part-shaded woodland settings with conspicuous clusters of small white flowers which are very beneficial for the pollinators in late summer to early fall.

However, being extremely adaptable it can also grow in full sun, in which case it needs more moisture.
It is from such a mother-plant, growing on Killarney’s granitic shorelines, that the seeds were collected: notice how part of the foliage takes a beautiful, dark purple color in this case.

There is in fact a cultivar of this species named ‘Chocolate’ with dark foliage year- round.

 

 

 

Greater fringed gentian

I am also very happy to offer seeds of the Greater Fringed gentian – Gentianopsis crinita from the beautiful garden of Anna’s  Perennials & Gardens!

The Greater fringed gentian  attracts attention with a magnificent flower display in late summer. The mauve, large flowers with fringed petals are a sight to behold.
It is a biennial species that reseeds in proper conditions (moisture needed), so do not be shy to give it a try. It is one of the first species I will sow this fall.

The days and nights are getting cooler and it feels like true fall now – a reminder that the moist packed seeds in stock will remain available until early winter only depending on the temperatures!

Things I’d like to grow

Alas, it is not possible at my location; or some species would need an artificially constructed bog.

Chamaedaphne calyculata, leatherleaf

Firstly, the beautiful evergreen leatherleaf: Chamaedaphne calyculata which inhabits edges of the ponds, bogs and swamps. It’s been quite a few years since I got the chance to collect a few seeds, actually 2017 when I also provided a plant portrait: Belated Friday’s seeds.
 
The sole member of the genus Chamaedaphne (Ericaceae), leatherleaf is a low growing evergreen small shrub (up to 1.5 m tall). It is native to the cool regions of the Northern Hemisphere from North America, NE Europe to N. Japan, Mongolia and Siberia, where grows in all types of bogs, sedge fens, and open wetlands.

It is characteristic of mature and late stages of moss – shrub communities, where it forms colonies, with rhizomes spreading in the sphagnum moss. It actually helps the installation of other species with whom is found growing, like: Sarracenia, Drosera, Kalmia polifolia, Oclemena, Ledum groenlandicum, Myrica gale, American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) and other Vaccinium species.

For those who have proper conditions, it is more than worth to try and grow the leatherleaf from seeds (I never heard of a specialized nursery offering plants).

Drosera rotundifolia

With the same requirements, new to the Seeds List, Drosera rotundifolia, of which I never had the pleasure to collect seeds until this fall.

The seeds stock has also been replenished for Drosera intermedia – shown in the featured image. Looking at the picture one might wrongfully assume that it is a rockery plant! In fact it grew in a crack of bare rock sitting in a wet area. It can definitely fool us :) Carnivorous aficionados have the occasion now to grow a trio of: D. linearis, D. intermedia and D. rotundifolia.

Another wetlands inhabitant is the interesting bog aster which bears the name Oclemena nemoralis. Looking at the flower anyone could call it aster, while the foliage, almost linear leaves with recurved margins, tells a different story. It is a species flowering in late summer-early fall, and only a few heads were ‘fluffy’, but maybe someone wants to give it a try.

 

Oclemena nemoralis flower

Oclemena nemoralis foliage

Oclemena nemoralis seed heads

Exploring the nature always gives a chance to learn about new plants, you only need to keep your eyes wide open! If we have proper conditions in our garden, we can then try to recreate small ‘pieces’ of wilderness. If we don’t, at least we learned something new!

Campanula rotundifolia complex

Well, I don’t like it but I should write something about this Campanula, which is offered in the Shop (seeds).

Once upon a time, when life was easier, Campanula rotundifolia L. was considered a single species with a widespread distribution and with many variable forms depending on the geographic range.

The situation is reflected by the many synonyms accumulated over the years for this species including: Campanula alaskana, C. arctica, C. gieseckeana, C. intercedens, C. petiolata and so on….

Time has passed, and like with many other things in life, people from various parts of the world started to look more closely at the harebell, with newer tools and fresh eyes. It is an extremely variable pretty plant, so we cannot blame them.

Among other articles, I also managed to find on-line, a partial treatment for Campanulaceae for Flora of North America, which I recommend to be read entirely.
https://inaturalist.ca/posts/86696-campanula-partial-treatment-for-flora-of-north-america

For those who want a very short resume:
Firstly, it seems that the species has colonized NA in a single event from European ancestors, then it diverged into separate morphotypes.

Campanula rotundifolia populations in North America are represented by diploids, tetraploids and hexaploids which occur in a ‘matrix’ according with S. G. Shetler who studied C. rotundifolia in North America and is of the opinion that “the tetraploids form a ‘groundmass,’ and the others might turn up anywhere”. (!)

He has been able to differentiate four ‘races’ in NA based on plants morphology: the “Alaskan Race”, the “Arctic Race”, the “Eastern Race” and the “Cordilleran Race” (please follow the above link for more explanations and relative descriptions).
Very important I think is this note: “in any particular location plants may be found with any combination of morphologies mentioned above, or populations with the features of one or more “races” may occur together or in the same general area”.

If all these ‘races’ will be formally recognized as distinct species, I don’t know. I notice that on WFO C. rotundifolia and C. gieseckeana are listed as accepted.

Campanula rotundifolia L. in Bruce pen., likely what is given now as Campanula gieseckeana

I will personally wait for a general consensus and a complete treatment of Campanulaceae published in Flora of North America, so we can follow the traditional keys for identification. We will follow closely this ‘story’ of and wait for the ‘happy ending’.

With this in mind, it is important to note the seeds collection locations.

Regarding the seeds offered in BotanyCa Shop – all seeds offered as Campanula rotundifolia, of any year, were collected in Ontario on the shorelines of Lake Huron (Bruce peninsula and Killarney).

I also grew plants from the latest collection and after a very close look with the measuring tape in hand out in the garden, our current plants/seeds qualify ‘somewhat’ into to the “Eastern race” as described by S. G. Shetler, with the decumbent stems and very particular ‘ribbonlike leaves’  (currently presented as Campanula intercedens on iNaturalist).
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=any&taxon_id=905640

I would also note that height and vigor will vary greatly depending on the garden location: shorter, more upright plants in a full sun/dry location versus a much taller plant in part-shade and more moisture.

Campanula rotundifolia – Killarney, ON in full sun

Campanula rotundifolia, C. intercedens in part-shade

Campanula rotundifolia, C. intercedens, Killarney

So, for now I changed the title in the Shop to:
Campanula rotundifolia L.– Killarney, ON
somewhat equivalent to Campanula intercedens Witasek
If you grew plants from seeds purchased in the last two years from BotanyCa Shop, please mark this change in your labels/records.